Pest Control: Moths

Looks like we've got a theme going on here! This week we have been infested by moths. If you've never had to deal with a moth infestation, you are lucky. This is the second time I've had to deal with them. The first time they were brought in with something (I don't recall what as it was years ago now), and they were a nightmare to get rid of! They stuck around forever and ruined some of my clothes and paper items in storage. This time I wanted to get aggressive to avoid all that trouble. So once again, I've done a lot of digging and am sharing methods that have worked for me.

1. Cedar
There's a reason cedar wood has been used for centuries (we're talking as far back as Ancient Greece). Using a cedar trunk (or wardrobe/armoire if you are lucky enough!) to protect your valuables is a great move. You can also get cedar hangers or planks to hang in your closets. Unfortunately our most recent moth problem is in our kitchen & living room! These are fairly open spaces, so small bits of cedar are less effective. However, cedar chips in a sachet can be placed in cabinets or other places where you commonly see moths.

One important note is that the effectiveness of cedar is linked to the oils in the wood. So fresh cedar is going to be more effective (after about 1 year from being cut, it will start to lose efficacy). To maximize on the benefit of larger cedar pieces such as trunks, you want to make sure your items are not infested when stored & that your item is airtight/rarely opened. For older cedar items, sanding them down a bit or applying cedar oil can increase their effectiveness over time.

2. Vinegar
Cleaning your house with a simple vinegar solution will kill eggs and help keep the moths at bay. You could also use a soap solution or stronger (chemical) cleaners. Whichever your choice, you will want to make sure you really scour the area. For kitchens, this means the cabinets & pantries; for bedrooms this means closets & dressers. Really scrub and make sure you've removed all signs of moths such as webbing, eggs, dust, and any sticky surfaces (which are indicative of moth secretions, particularly in the kitchen). Boiling water in any of your solutions will also help kill any larvae or eggs it comes in contact with.

While you're at it, add vacuuming to your cleaning repertoire. You can suck up any egg sacks, larvae, etc.

3. Dried Herbs & Essential Oils
While moth balls are certainly effective (in small spaces), they are full of chemicals. If you want a natural alternative, consider making sachets or potpourris of dried herbs. Effective herbs you can use and easily access include:

• Rosemary
• Thyme
• Cloves
• Lavender
• Bay Leaves
• Lemon Balm
• Peppermint 
• Lilac
• Cinnamon

You can also use essential oils. You can sprinkle them on your cloths, create a room spray, use a diffuser, or simply apply to cotton balls. I personally like to use cotton balls as they are easy to check & reapply. Also I use this technique for ants, so I am able to choose oils that repel both pests within my kitchen. In addition to cedar &  the above list of herbs, the following oils are effective:

• Vetiver
• Sandalwood
• Sage
• Orange Blossom
• Geranium
• Lemongrass
• Bergamot
• Grapefruit
• Eucalyptus
• Patchouli

Lavender is very popularly used, so that one probably doesn't come as a surprise. I must admit that the others were all new to me, but I love that I have alternatives and can grow some of these myself (well, in theory...I am notoriously bad at gardening).

4. Washing your clothing, bedding, etc & Storing it properly
Simply washing your clothes is a great way to remove & kill moths. Dry on high heat to kill any eggs that may remain. If your clothing cannot be conventionally washed/dried, freezing or ironing it will also kill of moths & eggs (or dry clean, if that is how your item must be cared for). Air drying in the sun or with a blow dryer is also effective, especially for clothing that has recently been taken out of storage.

For natural fibers, you can also brush the material before storing in your closet. Moth eggs often enter the home via clothing or other materials that were outside. This simple action can remove eggs before they become a problem.

Proper storage of your clothing is also essential. Make sure your clothing is well ventilated & thoroughly dried (moths like humid environments). Seasonal items that may not get frequent use or regular washing should be stored in airtight spaces to prevent moths from getting to them--this is particularly useful for wool items.

Moths typically stay away from cotton and synthetic fibers. If you have an infestation, it is still wise to treat these items. However, when it comes to storage, wrapping your other clothing in cotton or a synthetic fiber may add an extra layer of protection. Air tight storage is still your best bet.

5. Creating airtight spaces
We've somewhat gone over this already, when it comes to clothes & bedding, but even in the kitchen this is a concern. It you are able, it is a good idea to caulk various entry points such as cracks in the back of the pantry/closet, where shelves & cabinets meet the wall.

Again, airtight storage for clothing (especially wool/fur/feathers & seasonal items) is very helpful in keeping moths away. Likewise, store open food in airtight containers. This does not kill moths as they will eat your clothing & food, but it can keep them out of non-infested items. Be aware moths can eat through cardboard and light plastic.

6. Check your food!
While moths will typically enter your household by clothing that has picked up eggs, or other items being brought indoors after sitting outdoors or some time, they can also enter your house with the food you buy! Bulk dry food is the biggest concern here, but even prepackaged foods can include moth eggs (I know, it's gross to think about!).

Any food that is infected should be disposed of in an airtight bag. Bulk items should also be check & disposed of. You can freeze items to ensure any moth eggs are dead as well. Even if you don't see signs of moths in your food, a musty or off smell when you are not near expiration is an indicator that your food may have been compromised.

7. DIY Moth Traps
You can buy pheremone traps, which I've heard are very effective, or create your own. One popular method is applying oil to paper (regular oil to brightly colored paper until sticky, and fish oil to fly paper are the two I've seen mentioned).

You can also do a 3:1 mixture of cornmeal & borax. The moths are attracted to and eat the cornmeal, and the borax will poison & kill them. Borax is a salt, but also can be harmful to children and pets if ingested, so keep these traps out of reach. Diatomaceous earth will also harm moths, but this is safe for pets & children.